@inbook {541,
	title = {Hierarchical representation of species distributions for biological survey and monitoring},
	booktitle = {GIS and Environmental Modeling: Progress and Research Issues},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {445-449},
	publisher = {GIS World Books},
	organization = {GIS World Books},
	address = {Fort Collins, Colorado},
	abstract = {Spatial and temporal axes of domain, grain, and sampling intensity can serve as a framework to discuss opportunities for integrating spatial biodiversity data into richer, more complex representations of species distributions. This conceptual framework also highlights many of the problems in integrating data of different spatial, temporal and thematic properties. A recent analysis of the distribution of the orange-throated whiptail lizard in southern California is reviewed as an example of integration of datasets. Comparison of representations resulting from different data sources makes biases evident, highlights areas of inadequate sampling, and can lead to new inferences about habitat relationships through convergence of evidence. Improvements in the technology needed to facilitate better integration of distribution models with GIS in the areas of data entry, linkages to tools outside traditional GIS functionality, and new GIS tools to integrate existing datasets are discussed.},
	keywords = {data hypercube, GIS modeling, orange-throated whiptail},
	author = {Stoms, D. M. and Davis, F. W. and Hollander, A. D.},
	editor = {Goodchild, M. F. and Steyaert, L. T. and Parks, B. O.}
}
@inbook {445,
	title = {Hierarchical representation of species distributions using maps, images, and sighting data},
	booktitle = {Mapping the Diversity of Nature},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {71-88},
	publisher = {Chapman and Hall},
	organization = {Chapman and Hall},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {Geographic Information Systems technology permits the generation of complex representations of species distributions, while most of the data underlying these patterns are coarse. This suggests the importance of structuring such data along axes of differing data extent, tiling schemes, themes, and time, and displaying different representations of distributions, the philosophy being that comparison of multiple representations provides a sense of the actual distribution through convergence of evidence. We present an example using a lizard, the orange-throated whiptail (Cnemidophorus hyperythrus), which is native to southern California. The analysis was hierarchically structured by first mapping overall lizard range limits, then suitable habitats within the range, and then habitats over a local extent. Data sources include a generalized range outline, museum records, and field observations, as well as climate data, vegetation maps, and satellite imagery to serve as associated environmental variables. Comparison of representations resulting from these different data sources makes biases evident, highlights areas of inadequate sampling, and can lead to new inferences about habitat relationships. Finally, we discuss forthcoming improvements in the technology that will facilitate creation and display of families of models.},
	keywords = {data hypercube, orange-throated whiptail},
	author = {Hollander, A. D. and Davis, F. W. and Stoms, D. M.},
	editor = {Miller, R. I.}
}
