@article {439,
	title = {Protected area needs in a changing climate},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment},
	volume = {5},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {131{\textendash}138},
	abstract = {<p>Range shifts due to climate change may cause species to move out of protected areas. Climate change could therefore result in species range dynamics that reduce the relevance of current fixed protected areas in future conservation strategies. Here, we apply species distribution modeling and conservation planning tools in three regions (Mexico, the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, and Western Europe) to examine the need for additional protected areas in light of anticipated species range shifts caused by climate change. We set species representation targets and assessed the area required to meet those targets in the present and in the future, under a moderate climate change scenario. Our findings indicate that protected areas can be an important conservation strategy in such a scenario, and that early action may be both more effective and less costly than inaction or delayed action. According to our projections, costs may vary among regions and none of the three areas studied will fully meet all conservation targets, even under a moderate climate change scenario. This suggests that limiting climate change is an essential complement to adding protected areas for conservation of biodiversity.</p>
},
	author = {Hannah, L and Midgley, Guy and Andelman, Sandy and Ara{\'u}jo, Miguel and Hughes, Greg and Martinez-Meyer, Enrique and Pearson, Richard and Williams, Paul}
}
@article {745,
	title = {Biodiversity conservation planning tools: Present status and challenges for the future},
	journal = {Annual Review of Environment and Resources},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {123-159},
	abstract = {Species extinctions and the deterioration of other biodiversity features worldwide have led to the advocacy of systematic conservation planning for many regions of the world. This process has encouraged the development of various software tools for conservation planning during the last twenty years. These tools implement algorithms designed to identify conservation area networks for the representation and persistence of biodiversity features. Budgetary, ethical, and socio-political constraints dictate that the prioritized sites represent biodiversity economically with minimum impact on human interests. Planning tools are typically used also to satisfy these criteria. This paper reviews both the concepts and technical choices that underlie the development of these tools. The former concepts include complementarity, persistence, irreplaceabilty, and various concepts of economy and efficiency. Planning problems can be formulated as mathematical programs and this paper also evaluates the suitability of different algorithms for their solution. Methods are assessed using the criteria of economy, efficiency, flexibility, transparency, genericity, and modularity. The paper also reviews some key research questions pertaining to the use of these software tools such as computational efficiency, the effectiveness of taxa and abiotic parameters as surrogates for biodiversity, and the problem of setting explicit targets of representation for biodiversity surrogates. Multiple-criteria decision analysis for conservation planning is also discussed. Finally, areas for future research are identified. These include the scheduling of conservation action over extended time periods and the incorporation of data about site vulnerability into place prioritization.},
	keywords = {bidiversity surrogates, conservation area networks, conservation planning, MCDM, MCE, reserve selection, surrogates},
	url = {http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/eprint/SEiSEyzQeURDDzshKdNj/full/10.1146/annurev.energy.31.042606.085844},
	author = {Sarkar, Sahotra and Pressey, Robert L. and Faith, Daniel P. and Margules, Christopher R. and Fuller, Trevon and Stoms, David M. and Moffett, Alexander and Wilson, Kerrie A. and Williams, Kristen J. and Williams, Paul H. and Andelman, Sandy}
}
@booklet {326,
	title = {Sites V 1.0: An Analytical Toolbox for Designing Ecoregional Conservation Portfolios},
	year = {1999},
	month = {December},
	publisher = {University of California, Santa Barbara},
	type = {Users Manual},
	keywords = {simulated annealing SPEXAN greedy heuristic The Nature Conservancy ecoregional conservation planning portfolio design},
	author = {Andelman, Sandy and Ball, Ian and Davis, Frank and Stoms, David}
}
