@article {827,
	title = {Modeling L-Band Radar Backscatter of Alaskan Boreal Forest},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience \& Remote Sensing},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1993},
	note = {English Article Current Contents/Engineering, Technology \& Applied Sciences. Reprint available from: Wang Y UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA CTR REMOTE SENSING \& ENVIRONM OPT SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106 USA UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA DEPT GEOG SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106 USA UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA DEPT BIOL SCI SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106 USA 0003},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {1146-1154},
	abstract = {Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data were acquired over Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest (Alaska) in March 1988 under thawed and frozen conditions. For five stands analyzed, L-band backscatter at 42-degrees-45-degrees incidence angle was 2.7-6.9 dB smaller under frozen than under thawed conditions for white spruce and balsam poplar, with the largest difference at HV and the smallest at HH polarization. The differences were smaller for a stand of small black spruce. The VV-HH phase differences observed by SAR were almost-equal-to 0-degrees for all the stands. Ground data were used to parameterize the Santa Barbara canopy backscatter model. For the white spruce and balsam poplar stands under thawed conditions, simulations agreed with the SAR data within the calibration uncertainty. The model underestimated the HH, HV, and VV backscatter for all five stands under frozen conditions, and for the black spruce stand under thawed conditions. The modeled VV-HH phase differences were close to 0-degrees for all the stands except the black spruce stand. The discrepancies in model predictions of backscatter and phase difference were attributed to inadequate surface backscatter modeling. Model results supported the hypothesis that the weaker backscatter from frozen, as compared with thawed stands, was because of the smaller dielectric constant of the frozen trees. [References: 15] 15},
	keywords = {Electrical \& electronic., Reprint available from: Wang Y. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, CTR REMOTE, SENSING \& ENVIRONM OPT, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106, USA., Vegetation. Layer.},
	author = {Wang, Y. and Day, J. L. and Davis, F. W. and Melack, J. M.}
}
@article {824,
	title = {Simulated and Observed Backscatter at P-, L-, and C-Bands from Ponderosa Pine Stands},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience \& Remote Sensing},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1993},
	note = {English Article Current Contents/Engineering, Technology \& Applied Sciences. Reprint available from: Wang Y UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA CTR REMOTE SENSING \& ENVIRONM OPT SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106 USA 0015},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {871-879},
	abstract = {We compared the output of the Santa Barbara microwave canopy backscatter model to polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for three ponderosa pine stands (ST-2, ST-11, and SP-2) with discontinuous tree canopies near Mt. Shasta, California, at P-band (0.68-m wavelength), L-band (0.235-m wavelength), and C-band (0.056-m wavelength). Given the SAR data calibration uncertainty, the model made good predictions of the P-HH, P-VV, L-HH, C-HH, and C-HV backscatter for the three stands, and the P-HV and L-HV backscatter for ST-2 and SP-2. The model underestimated C-VV for the three stands, and P-HV, L-HV, and L-VV backscatter for ST-11. The observed and modeled VV-HH phase differences were similar or equal to 0 degrees for the three stands at C-band and L-band, and for SP-2 at P-band. At P-band, the observed and modeled VV-HH phase differences were at least -80 degrees for ST-2 and ST-11, which indicates that double-bounce scattering contributes to the total backscatter for the two stands. [References: 10] 10},
	keywords = {Electrical \& electronic., Radar. Scattering. Model., Reprint available from: Wang Y. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, CTR REMOTE, SENSING \& ENVIRONM OPT, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106, USA.},
	author = {Wang, Y. and Davis, F. W. and Melack, J. M.}
}
