<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paris, J. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davis, F. W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inclusion of a simple multiple scattering model into a microwave canopy backscatter model</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remote Sensing of Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Aerospace and Underwater Biological Effects--General</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Biophysics--Biocybernetics (1972- ))</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Mathematical Biology and Statistical Methods)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Radiation--Radiation and Isotope Techniques)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Biology--Plant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Stand</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methods)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microwave Canopy Backscatter Model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models and Simulations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">remote sensing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simple Multiple Scattering Model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101-111</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A simple multiple scattering model has been incorporated into a microwave canopy backscatter model for forest stands with continuous or discontinuous tree canopies. The multiple scattering model was empirically derived using available calculated multiple scattering values and Monte Carlo simulation. All orders of scattering within canopies beyond single scattering were assumed to be isotropic. Multiple scattering was divided evenly among HH, HV, VH, and VV polarizations. The corresponding single scattering term was polarization-sensitive. The effect of the multiple scattering term on modeled canopy backscatter was less at long wavelengths than at short wavelengths. At a given wavelength, the multiple scattering term affected copolarized scattering less than cross-polarized scattering. These predictions were consistent with calibrated SAR observations and with our understanding of microwave scattering in forested environment. Including multiple scattering effects improved the agreement between modeled and measured canopy backscatter particularly for cross-polarized backscatter at short wavelengths.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH ARTICLE</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davis, F. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melack, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kasischke, E. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christensen, N. L., Jr.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effects of changes in forest biomass on radar backscatter from tree canopies</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Remote Sensing</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Aerospace and Underwater Biological Effects--General</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Biophysics--Biocybernetics (1972- ))</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Mathematical Biology and Statistical Methods)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Growth, Differentiation)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coniferopsida</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Biology--Plant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gymnosperms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathematical Model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methods)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Carolina</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spermatophyta</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spermatophytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Synthetic Aperture Radar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Usa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vascular plants</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">503-513</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH ARTICLE</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davis, F. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michaelsen, J.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oechel, W. C.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sensitivity of fire regime in chaparral ecosystems in climate change</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Studies Analysis and Synthesis, Vol. 117. Global change and mediterranean-type ecosystems; International Symposium, Valencia, Spain, September 1992</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Biophysics--Biocybernetics (1972- ))</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(General Biology--Information, Documentation, Retrieval and Computer Applications)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Mathematical Biology and Statistical Methods)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Book Chapter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">California</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computer Simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Biology--Bioclimatology and Biometeorology)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Biology--Plant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire History</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathematical Model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meeting Paper</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plantae-Unspecified</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Usa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, New York, USA; Berlin, Germany</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">435-456</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kasischke, E. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melack, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davis, F. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christensen, N. L., Jr.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effects of changes in loblolly pine biomass and soil moisture on ERS-1 SAR backscatter</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remote Sensing of Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Aerospace and Underwater Biological Effects--General</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Biochemistry--Physiological Water Studies (1970- ))</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Biophysics--Biocybernetics (1972- ))</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Forestry and Forest Products)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Mathematical Biology and Statistical Methods)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Growth, Differentiation)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Water Relations)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Soil Science--Fertility and Applied Studies (1970- ))</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Soil Science--Physics and Chemistry (1970- ))</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coniferopsida</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Biology--Plant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Remote Sensing Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gymnosperms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathematical Model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methods)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Carolina</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spermatophytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Usa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vascular plants</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25-31</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH ARTICLE</style></notes></record></records></xml>