<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paris, J. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davis, F. W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inclusion of a simple multiple scattering model into a microwave canopy backscatter model</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remote Sensing of Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Aerospace and Underwater Biological Effects--General</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Biophysics--Biocybernetics (1972- ))</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Mathematical Biology and Statistical Methods)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(Radiation--Radiation and Isotope Techniques)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Biology--Plant)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Stand</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methods)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microwave Canopy Backscatter Model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models and Simulations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">remote sensing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simple Multiple Scattering Model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101-111</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A simple multiple scattering model has been incorporated into a microwave canopy backscatter model for forest stands with continuous or discontinuous tree canopies. The multiple scattering model was empirically derived using available calculated multiple scattering values and Monte Carlo simulation. All orders of scattering within canopies beyond single scattering were assumed to be isotropic. Multiple scattering was divided evenly among HH, HV, VH, and VV polarizations. The corresponding single scattering term was polarization-sensitive. The effect of the multiple scattering term on modeled canopy backscatter was less at long wavelengths than at short wavelengths. At a given wavelength, the multiple scattering term affected copolarized scattering less than cross-polarized scattering. These predictions were consistent with calibrated SAR observations and with our understanding of microwave scattering in forested environment. Including multiple scattering effects improved the agreement between modeled and measured canopy backscatter particularly for cross-polarized backscatter at short wavelengths.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JOURNAL ARTICLE; RESEARCH ARTICLE</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stoms, D. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bueno, M. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davis, F. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cassidy, K. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Driese, K. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kagan, J. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Map-guided classification of regional land-cover with multi-temporal AVHRR data</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">accuracy assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AVHRR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gap analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intermountain Semidesert ecoregion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">map-guided classification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Vegetation Classification Standards</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NVCS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">remote sensing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000075109200012</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">831-838</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cartographers often need to use information in existing land-cover maps when compiling regional or global maps, but there are no standardized techniques for using such data effectively. An iterative, map-guided classification approach was developed to compile a spatially and thematically consistent, seamless land-cover map of the entire Intermountain Semi-Desert ecoregion from a set of semi-independent subregional maps derived by various methods. A multi-temporal dataset derived from AVHRR data was classified using the subregional maps as training data. The resulting regional map attempted to meet the guidelines of the proposed National Vegetation Classification Standards for classification at the alliance level. The approach generally improved the spatial properties of the regional mapping, while maintaining the thematic detail of the source maps. The methods described may be useful in many situations where mapped information exists but is incomplete, compiled by different methods, or is based on inconsistent classification systems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davis, F. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goetz, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling vegetation pattern using digital terrain data</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Landscape Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">California</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coast live oak forest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lompoc</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">remote sensing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">solar radiation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69-80</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record></records></xml>